TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 4-17
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Page 20-22
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CHAPTER 1 CRITERIA AND OBJECTIVES OF CHILD SUPPORT
Page 26-48
-----A. Introduction
Page 26-26
-----B. Relevance of Income Tax
Page 27-31
-----C. Statutory Provisions Regulating Child Support
Page 32-35
-----D. The Federal Child Support Guidelines
Page 36-37
-----E. Application of Federal Child Support Guidelines; Provincial Legislation; Foreign Divorces
Page 38-41
-----F. Presumptive Rule; Provincial and Territorial Tables
Page 42-43
-----G. Applicable Provincial or Territorial Table
Page 44-44
-----H. Fixed Table Amount; Judicial Discretion; Condition, Means, Needs, and Other Circumstances
Page 45-48
CHAPTER 2 JURISDICTION
Page 49-64
-----A. Judicial Jurisdiction over Original Application for Child Support on or after Divorce
Page 49-49
-----B. Evidence; Practice and Procedure
Page 49-49
-----C. Legislative Authority of Parliament
Page 50-50
-----D. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Page 51-51
-----E. Competing Jurisdictions under Provincial and Federal Legislation
Page 52-54
-----F. Time of Original Application
Page 55-55
-----G. Dismissal of Divorce Petition
Page 56-56
-----H. Status of Applicant; Payment to Child
Page 56-61
-----I. Third Party Payments
Page 62-62
-----J. Advance Payments; Post-dated Cheques; Electronic Transfers
Page 63-63
-----K. Child Residing outside Canada
Page 64-64
-----L. Effect of Death
Page 64-64
CHAPTER 3 DEFINITIONS OF “CHILD OF THE MARRIAGE”; ADULT CHILDREN; OBLIGATION OF DE FACTO PARENT
Page 65-145
-----A. Relevant Statutory Provisions
Page 65-67
-----B. Effect of Differing Criteria under Federal and Provincial Legislation
Page 68-68
-----C. Applicable Criteria under Divorce Act and Federal Child Support Guidelines Respecting Children under and over Provincial Age of Majority
Page 69-69
-----D. Child’s Illness or Disability; Respective Obligations of Parents and State
Page 70-75
-----E. Post-Secondary Education or Training
Page 76-88
-----F. Children over Age of Majority: Section 3(2) of Guidelines
Page 89-102
-----G. Unemployment; Scope of “Other Cause”
Page 103-104
-----H. Withdrawal from Parental Charge
Page 105-108
-----I. Reversion to Former Status of Child of the Marriage
Page 109-109
-----J. Persons Standing in Place of Parents
Page 110-138
-----K. Conduct
Page 139-145
CHAPTER 4 DETERMINATION OF INCOME; DISCLOSURE OF INCOME
Page 146-269
-----A. Whose Income?
Page 146-146
-----B. Written Agreement as to Annual Income
Page 146-146
-----C. Determination of Annual Income; Use of CRA T1 General Form; Statutory Adjustments
Page 147-171
-----D. Most Current Information to Be Used
Page 172-176
-----E. Pattern of Income
Page 177-182
-----F. Income of Shareholder, Director, or Officer of Corporation; Adjustment of Corporation’s Pre-Tax Income
Page 183-195
-----G. Imputing Income
Page 196-238
-----H. Child’s Access to Income
Page 239-239
-----I. Income of Non-resident Spouse; Currency Exchange Rate
Page 240-240
-----J. Social Assistance
Page 241-243
-----K. Income Information
Page 244-253
-----L. Ongoing Disclosure
Page 254-256
-----M. Non-disclosure of Income or Assets or of Material Change of Circumstances
Page 257-257
-----N. Disclosure by Third Parties or Non-parties
Page 258-264
-----O. Sanctions for Non-disclosure
Page 265-267
-----P. Financial Statements and Budgets
Page 268-269
CHAPTER 5 SPECIAL OR EXTRAORDINARY EXPENSES
Page 270-318
-----A. Distinctions between Ordinary and Extraordinary Expenses; Definition of Extraordinary Expenses
Page 270-276
-----B. Exhaustive List of Designated Expenses; Definition of “Means”
Page 277-281
-----C. Sharing of Expenses as Guiding Principle; Effect of Spousal Support
Page 282-285
-----D. Subsidies, Tax Deductions, or Credits
Page 286-289
-----E. Particulars of Expense to be Specified in Order
Page 290-290
-----F. Add-ons or Set-offs
Page 290-290
-----G. Direct and Hidden Costs of Custodial Parent
Page 290-290
-----H. Periodic or Lump Sum Payments
Page 290-290
-----I. Child Care Expenses
Page 291-296
-----J. Medical and Dental Insurance; Medical, Dental, or Health-Related Expenses
Page 297-300
-----K. Extraordinary Educational Expenses; Private School
Page 301-305
-----L. Expenses for Post-Secondary Education
Page 306-310
-----M. Extraordinary Expenses for Extracurricular Activities
Page 311-318
CHAPTER 6 SHARED PARENTING ARRANGEMENTS
Page 319-347
-----A. Split Custody: Section 8 of the Guidelines
Page 319-321
-----B. Shared Custody: Section 9 of the Guidelines
Page 322-347
CHAPTER 7 UNDUE HARDSHIP
Page 348-381
-----A. General Observations
Page 348-353
-----B. Stringent Criterion of Undue Hardship
Page 354-354
-----C. Circumstances that May Cause Undue Hardship
Page 355-357
-----D. Family Debts or Employment Expenses
Page 358-359
-----E. Unusually High Access Expenses; Payment of Child Support to Non-custodial Parent
Page 360-365
-----F. Duty under Court Order or Separation Agreement to Support Any Person
Page 366-366
-----G. Legal Duty to Support Any Child Other than a “Child of the Marriage”; Sequential Families
Page 367-370
-----H. Legal Duty to Support Sick or Disabled Person
Page 371-371
-----I. Reasonable Time to Overcome Hardship
Page 371-371
-----J. Judicial Discretion in Cases of Undue Hardship Circumscribed by Comparison of Standard of Living in Respective Households
Page 372-379
-----K. Reasons for Deviation from Norm to Be Judicially Recorded
Page 380-380
-----L. Section 7 Expenses
Page 380-380
-----M. Shared Parenting
Page 381-381
CHAPTER 8 IMPACT OF CHILD SUPPORT ON SPOUSAL SUPPORT
Page 382-387
-----A. Priority of Child Support over Spousal Support; Effect of Child Support Order on Assessment of Spousal Support
Page 382-385
-----B. Implications of Child Care during Marriage and after Divorce on Spousal Support Entitlement
Page 386-387
CHAPTER 9 LOW AND HIGH INCOME EARNERS; ANNUAL INCOME OVER $150,000
Page 388-399
-----A. Low Income Earners
Page 388-388
-----B. Annual Income over $150,000
Page 389-398
-----C. High Income Spouse or Former Spouse with Short Career
Page 399-399
CHAPTER 10 EFFECT OF ORDER OR AGREEMENT OR OTHER ARRANGEMENT THAT BENEFITS CHILD; CONSENT ORDERS
Page 400-419
-----A. Advantages and Limitations of Parental Settlements
Page 400-401
-----B. Relevant Statutory Provisions
Page 402-403
-----C. Meaning of “Special Provisions” and “Inequitable” under Sections 15.1(5) and 17(6.2) of Divorce Act
Page 404-405
-----D. Ambit of Judicial Discretion
Page 406-411
-----E. Court Records
Page 412-412
-----F. Consent Orders
Page 412-412
-----G. Provincial Legislation and Guidelines
Page 413-417
-----H. Artificial Insemination
Page 418-419
CHAPTER 11 FORM AND TYPES OF ORDER
Page 420-475
-----A. Diverse Types of Order
Page 420-420
-----B. Interim Orders
Page 421-432
-----C. Periodic and Lump Sum Payments
Page 433-438
-----D. Orders to Pay and Secure Support
Page 439-445
-----E. Division of Property; Possession of Matrimonial Home
Page 446-446
-----F. Information to Be Specified in Order
Page 447-447
-----G. Avoidance of Combined Orders for Child Support and Spousal Support
Page 448-448
-----H. Commencement and Duration of Orders; Effect of Reconciliation
Page 449-453
-----I. Terms and Conditions
Page 454-457
-----J. Cost of Living Indexation
Page 458-458
-----K. Retroactive Permanent and Variation Orders; Appeals
Page 459-475
CHAPTER 12 EFFECT, REGISTRATION, AND ENFORCEMENT OF CHILD SUPPORT ORDERS
Page 476-507
-----A. Definition of “Court”
Page 476-476
-----B. National Effect of Corollary Orders
Page 477-477
-----C. Enforcement and Variation Distinguished
Page 477-478
-----D. Enforcement under Provincial Laws
Page 479-479
-----E. Burden of Proof; Failure to Attend
Page 479-479
-----F. Federal Enforcement Legislation
Page 480-480
-----G. Garnishment; Attachment; Execution
Page 480-481
-----H. Enforcement by Provincial Agencies
Page 482-487
-----I. Suspension of Driving Licence
Page 488-489
-----J. Crown’s Priority as Tax Collector; Other Creditors
Page 490-490
-----K. Committal for Contempt; Receivership
Page 490-493
-----L. Order or Agreement; Election of Remedy
Page 494-494
-----M. Enforcement of Support Arrears against Bankrupt Defaulter
Page 494-494
-----N. Fraudulent Conveyances and Preferences
Page 495-495
-----O. Locus Standi of Child
Page 495-495
-----P. Child No Longer a “Child of the Marriage”
Page 496-496
-----Q. Enforcement, Suspension, and Remission of Arrears
Page 496-497
-----R. Enforcement by Provincial Court
Page 498-498
-----S. Enforcement of Separation Agreement
Page 498-498
-----T. Set-off
Page 499-499
-----U. Interest
Page 500-500
-----V. Piercing the Corporate Veil
Page 501-501
-----W. Division of Matrimonial Property
Page 502-502
-----X. Effect of Death
Page 502-502
-----Y. Stay of Enforcement
Page 502-502
-----Z. Effect of Reconciliation
Page 503-503
-----AA. Laches; Limitation of Actions
Page 503-503
-----BB. Assignment of Orders
Page 504-504
-----CC. Fixing of Arrears; Payment by Instalments
Page 505-505
-----DD. Support Deduction Orders
Page 505-505
-----EE. Reciprocal Enforcement; Interjurisdictional Support Orders
Page 506-506
-----FF. Preservation Orders
Page 506-506
-----GG. Registration Against Land
Page 506-507
CHAPTER 13 VARIATION, RESCISSION, OR SUSPENSION OF CHILD SUPPORT ORDERS
Page 508-562
-----A. Relevant Statutory and Regulatory Provisions
Page 508-509
-----B. Jurisdiction
Page 510-510
-----C. Variation by Affidavit or Telecommunication
Page 511-511
-----D. Appropriate Judicial District; Change of Venue
Page 511-511
-----E. Effect of Appeal
Page 511-511
-----F. Enforcement and Variation Distinguished under Provincial Legislation
Page 512-512
-----G. Status of Applicant; Effect of Default
Page 512-512
-----H. Interim Variation of Permanent Orders
Page 513-514
-----I. Future Contingencies
Page 515-515
-----J. Change of Circumstances; Onus of Proof
Page 515-517
-----K. Variation of Amount of Child Support Made under Applicable Table
Page 518-518
-----L. Variation Where Amount of Child Support Not under Provincial or Territorial Table
Page 519-524
-----M. Variation of Orders Predating Implementation of Guidelines
Page 525-526
-----N. Adjournments; Stay of Variation Proceeding
Page 527-527
-----O. Increase of Special or Extraordinary Expenses
Page 527-527
-----P. Reduction of Child Support; Termination of Employment
Page 528-528
-----Q. Effect of Remarriage or Unmarried Cohabitation with Third Party
Page 529-529
-----R. Suspension of Orders
Page 530-530
-----S. Remission of Arrears
Page 531-544
-----T. Overpayment
Page 545-546
-----U. Interjurisdictional Support Orders
Page 547-557
-----V. Variation of Consent Orders
Page 558-559
-----W. Variation under Provincial Legislation
Page 560-560
-----X. Variation Pending Appeal
Page 560-560
-----Y. Types of Order
Page 560-560
-----Z. Effect of Death
Page 561-561
-----AA. Automatic Annual Variation
Page 561-562
CHAPTER 14 EVIDENCE; PROCEDURE; COSTS
Page 563-597
-----A. Credibility
Page 563-563
-----B. Proof of Paternity; Blood Tests and DNA Tests; Artificial Insemination
Page 564-565
-----C. Written Interrogatories
Page 566-566
-----D. Affidavits
Page 567-567
-----E. Admissions
Page 568-568
-----F. Notice; Inadequacy of Information; Non-attendance
Page 569-569
-----G. Formal Motion or Application Required; Telephone Application
Page 570-570
-----H. Pleadings
Page 570-571
-----I. Amendment of Pleadings
Page 572-573
-----J. Striking Out of Pleadings
Page 574-576
-----K. Adjournments
Page 577-577
-----L. Duty to Make Full Disclosure
Page 578-578
-----M. Discovery
Page 579-579
-----N. Disclosure by Third Parties
Page 580-580
-----O. Exclusion of Party from Hearing
Page 580-580
-----P. Right to Cross-Examine and Give Evidence
Page 581-581
-----Q. Right to Be Heard; Allegations of Judicial Bias
Page 582-582
-----R. A Stay of Proceedings for Non-compliance with a Subsisting Order or Other Clause
Page 583-583
-----S. Directing Trial of an Iissue
Page 584-584
-----T. Joinder and Consolidation of Actions; Adding of Parties
Page 584-584
-----U. Judicial Reconsideration before and after Formal Entry of Judgment; Reopening of Case
Page 585-587
-----V. Variation Proceeding
Page 588-588
-----W. Masters; Registrars
Page 589-589
-----X. Computer Programs
Page 589-589
-----Y. Plea of Undue Hardship
Page 589-589
-----Z. Pre-trials
Page 589-589
-----AA. Summary Judgment
Page 590-590
-----BB. Rescission of Orders
Page 590-590
-----CC. Expert Opinions
Page 590-590
-----DD. Judicial Notice
Page 591-591
-----EE. Dispute Resolution Processes
Page 591-591
-----FF. Undertakings
Page 592-592
-----GG. Hearsay Evidence
Page 592-592
-----HH. Self-represented Litigants
Page 592-592
-----II. Judicial Discretion over Costs
Page 592-592
-----JJ. Costs on Solicitor and Client Basis; Special or Increased Costs
Page 593-593
-----KK. Fixed Costs
Page 594-594
-----LL. Security for Costs
Page 594-594
-----MM. Interim Costs and Disbursements
Page 594-595
-----NN. Public Officials
Page 596-596
-----OO. Enforcement of Costs; Bankruptcy
Page 597-597
CHAPTER 15 APPEALS
Page 598-608
-----A. Definition of “Appellate Court”
Page 598-598
-----B. General Observations
Page 598-598
-----C. Restrictions on Status Appeals
Page 599-599
-----D. Restrictions on Corollary Order Appeals
Page 599-601
-----E. Role and Powers of Appellate Court
Page 602-602
-----F. Interim Orders
Page 603-603
-----G. Denial of Appeal; Motion to Dismiss Appeal; Reinstatement of Appeal
Page 604-604
-----H. Effect of Appeal
Page 604-604
-----I. Stay of Order Pending Appeal
Page 605-605
-----J. Absence or Delay of Reasons for Judgment
Page 606-606
-----K. Fresh Evidence
Page 607-607
-----L. Appeals to the Supreme Court of Canada
Page 607-608
APPENDIX A: DIVORCE ACT
Page 609-634
APPENDIX B: FEDERAL CHILD SUPPORT GUIDELINES
Page 635-654
TABLE OF CASES
Page 655-764
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