TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 4-15
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Page 18-18
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CHAPTER 1: CRITERIA AND OBJECTIVES OF CHILD SUPPORT
Page 22-48
-----A. Introduction
Page 22-22
-----B. Relevance of Income Tax
Page 23-30
-----C. Statutory Provisions Regulating Child Support
Page 31-35
-----D. The Federal Child Support Guidelines
Page 36-37
-----E. Application of Federal Child Support Guidelines; Provincial Legislation; Foreign Divorces
Page 38-41
-----F. Presumptive Rule; Provincial and Territorial Tables
Page 42-44
-----G. Applicable Provincial or Territorial Table
Page 45-45
-----H. Fixed Table Amount; Judicial Discretion; Condition, Means, Needs, and Other Circumstances
Page 46-48
CHAPTER 2: JURISDICTION
Page 49-63
-----A. Judicial Jurisdiction over Original Application for Child Support on or After Divorce
Page 49-49
-----B. Evidence; Practice and Procedure
Page 49-49
-----C. Legislative Authority of Parliament
Page 50-50
-----D. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Page 51-51
-----E. Competing Jurisdictions under Provincial and Federal Legislation
Page 52-54
-----F. Time of Original Application
Page 55-55
-----G. Dismissal of Divorce Petition
Page 56-56
-----H. Status of Applicant; Payment to Child
Page 56-60
-----I. Third Party Payments
Page 61-61
-----J. Advance Payments; Post-dated Cheques; Electronic Transfers
Page 62-62
-----K. Child Residing Outside Canada
Page 63-63
-----L. Effect of Death
Page 63-63
CHAPTER 3: DEFINITIONS OF “CHILD OF THE MARRIAGE”; ADULT CHILDREN; OBLIGATION OF DE FACTO PARENT
Page 64-139
-----A. Relevant Statutory Provisions
Page 64-65
-----B. Effect of Differing Criteria under Federal and Provincial Legislation
Page 66-67
-----C. Applicable Criteria under Divorce Act and Federal Child Support Guidelines Respecting Children Under and Over the Provincial Age of Majority
Page 68-68
-----D. Child’s Illness or Disability; Respective Obligations of Parents and State
Page 68-72
-----E. Post-Secondary Education or Training
Page 73-84
-----F. Unemployment; Scope of “Other Cause”
Page 85-86
-----G. Withdrawal from Parental Charge
Page 87-89
-----H. Reversion to Former Status of Child of the Marriage
Page 90-90
-----I. Persons Standing in Place of Parents
Page 91-120
-----J. Children over Age of Majority: Section 3(2) of Guidelines
Page 121-135
-----K. Conduct
Page 136-139
CHAPTER 4: DETERMINATION OF INCOME; DISCLOSURE OF INCOME
Page 140-242
-----A. Whose Income?
Page 140-140
-----B. Written Agreement as to Annual Income
Page 140-140
-----C. Determination of Annual Income; Use of CRA T1 General Form; Statutory Adjustments
Page 141-159
-----D. Most Current Information to be Used
Page 160-163
-----E. Pattern of Income
Page 164-169
-----F. Income of Shareholder, Director, or Officer of Corporation; Adjustment of Corporation’s Pre-Tax Income
Page 170-179
-----G. Imputing Income
Page 180-217
-----H. Child’s Access to Income
Page 218-218
-----I. Income of Non-Resident Spouse; Currency Exchange Rate
Page 218-218
-----J. Social Assistance
Page 219-221
-----K. Income Information
Page 222-230
-----L. Ongoing Disclosure
Page 231-232
-----M. Non-Disclosure of Income or Assets or of Material Change of Circumstances
Page 233-233
-----N. Disclosure by Third Parties or Non-Parties
Page 234-237
-----O. Sanctions for Non-Disclosure
Page 238-239
-----P. Financial Statements and Budgets
Page 240-242
CHAPTER 5: SPECIAL OR EXTRAORDINARY EXPENSES
Page 243-289
-----A. General Observations; Distinctions between Ordinary and Extraordinary Expenses
Page 243-247
-----B. Exhaustive List of Designated Expenses; Definition of “Means”
Page 248-252
-----C. Sharing of Expenses as Guiding Principle; Effect of Spousal Support
Page 253-257
-----D. Subsidies, Tax Deductions, or Credits
Page 258-259
-----E. Particulars of Expense to be Specified in Order
Page 260-260
-----F. Add-Ons or Set-Offs
Page 261-261
-----G. Direct and Hidden Costs of Custodial Parent
Page 261-261
-----H. Periodic or Lump Sum Payments
Page 261-261
-----I. Child Care Expenses
Page 261-267
-----J. Medical and Dental Insurance; Medical, Dental, or Health-Related Expenses
Page 268-272
-----K. Extraordinary Educational Expenses; Private School
Page 273-277
-----L. Expenses for Post-Secondary Education
Page 278-281
-----M. Extraordinary Expenses for Extracurricular Activities
Page 282-289
CHAPTER 6: SHARED PARENTING ARRANGEMENTS
Page 290-316
-----A. Split Custody: Section 8 of Guidelines
Page 290-291
-----B. Shared Custody: Section 9 of Guidelines
Page 292-316
CHAPTER 7: UNDUE HARDSHIP
Page 317-351
-----A. General Observations
Page 317-322
-----B. Stringent Criterion of Undue Hardship
Page 323-323
-----C. Circumstances That May Cause Undue Hardship
Page 324-327
-----D. Family Debts or Employment Expenses
Page 328-329
-----E. Unusually High Access Expenses; Payment of Child Support to Non-Custodial Parent
Page 330-335
-----F. Duty under Court Order or Separation Agreement to Support Any Person
Page 336-336
-----G. Legal Duty to Support Any Child Other Than a Child of the Marriage; Sequential Families
Page 336-340
-----H. Legal Duty to Support Sick or Disabled Person
Page 341-341
-----I. Reasonable Time to Overcome Hardship
Page 342-342
-----J. Judicial Discretion in Cases of Undue Hardship Circumscribed By Comparison of Standard of Living in Respective Households
Page 342-349
-----K. Reasons for Deviation from Norm to be Judicially Recorded
Page 350-350
-----L. Section 7 Expenses
Page 350-350
-----M. Shared Parenting
Page 351-351
CHAPTER 8: IMPACT OF CHILD SUPPORT ON SPOUSAL SUPPORT
Page 352-356
-----A. Priority of Child Support over Spousal Support; Effect of Child Support Order on Assessment of Spousal Support
Page 352-355
-----B. Implications of Child Care during Marriage and after Divorce on Spousal Support Entitlement
Page 356-356
CHAPTER 9: LOW AND HIGH INCOME EARNERS; ANNUAL INCOME OVER $,150,000
Page 357-370
-----A. Low Income Earners
Page 357-357
-----B. Annual Income over $150,000
Page 358-369
-----C. High Income Spouse or Former Spouse with Short Career
Page 370-370
CHAPTER 10: EFFECT OF ORDER OR AGREEMENT OR OTHER ARRANGEMENT THAT BENEFITS CHILD; CONSENT ORDERS
Page 371-390
-----A. Advantages and Limitations of Parental Settlements
Page 371-372
-----B. Relevant Statutory Provisions
Page 373-373
-----C. Meaning of “Special Provisions” and “Inequitable” under Sections 15.1(5) and 17(6.2) of Divorce Act
Page 374-374
-----D. Ambit of Judicial Discretion
Page 375-384
-----E. Court Records
Page 385-385
-----F. Consent Orders
Page 385-385
-----G. Provincial Legislation and Guidelines
Page 386-388
-----H. Artificial Insemination
Page 389-390
CHAPTER 11: FORM AND TYPES OF ORDER
Page 391-445
-----A. Diverse Types of Order
Page 391-391
-----B. Interim Orders
Page 392-403
-----C. Periodic and Lump Sum Payments
Page 404-409
-----D. Orders to Pay and Secure Support
Page 410-416
-----E. Division of Property; Possession of Matrimonial Home
Page 417-417
-----F. Information to be Specified in Order
Page 418-418
-----G. Avoidance of Combined Orders for Child Support and Spousal Support
Page 419-419
-----H. Commencement and Duration of Orders; Effect of Reconciliation
Page 419-423
-----I. Terms and Conditions
Page 424-427
-----J. Cost of Living Indexation
Page 428-428
-----K. Retroactive Permanent and Variation Orders; Appeals
Page 429-445
CHAPTER 12: EFFECT, REGISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF CHILD SUPPORT ORDERS
Page 446-470
-----A. Definition of “Court”
Page 446-446
-----B. National Effect of Corollary Orders
Page 447-447
-----C. Enforcement and Variation Distinguished
Page 447-447
-----D. Enforcement under Provincial Laws
Page 447-447
-----E. Burden of Proof; Failure to Attend
Page 448-448
-----F. Federal Enforcement Legislation
Page 448-448
-----G. Garnishment; Attachment; Execution
Page 449-449
-----H. Enforcement by Provincial Agencies
Page 450-451
-----I. Suspension of Driving Licence
Page 452-453
-----J. Crown’s Priority as Tax Collector; Other Creditors
Page 454-454
-----K. Committal for Contempt; Receivership
Page 454-457
-----L. Order or Agreement; Election of Remedy
Page 458-458
-----M. Enforcement of Support Arrears against Bankrupt Defaulter
Page 458-458
-----N. Fraudulent Conveyances and Preferences; Effect of Bankruptcy
Page 458-458
-----O. Locus Standi of Child
Page 459-459
-----P. Child No Longer a Child of the Marriage
Page 459-459
-----Q. Enforcement, Suspension and Remission of Arrears
Page 459-460
-----R. Enforcement by Provincial Court
Page 461-461
-----S. Enforcement of Separation Agreement
Page 462-462
-----T. Set Off
Page 462-462
-----U. Interest
Page 463-463
-----V. Piercing the Corporate Veil
Page 464-464
-----W. Division of Matrimonial Property
Page 465-465
-----X. Effect of Death
Page 465-465
-----Y. Stay of Enforcement
Page 465-465
-----Z. Effect of Reconciliation
Page 466-466
-----AA. Laches; Limitation of Actions
Page 466-466
-----BB. Assignment of Orders
Page 467-467
-----CC. Fixing of Arrears; Payment by Instalments
Page 468-468
-----DD. Support Deduction Orders
Page 468-468
-----EE. Reciprocal Enforcement; Interjurisdictional Support Orders
Page 468-468
-----FF. Preservation Orders
Page 469-469
-----GG. Registration against Land
Page 470-470
CHAPTER 13: VARIATION, RESCISSION OR SUSPENSION OF CHILD SUPPORT ORDERS
Page 471-529
-----A. Relevant Statutory and Regulatory Provisions
Page 471-472
-----B. Jurisdiction
Page 473-473
-----C. Variation by Affidavit or Telecommunication
Page 474-474
-----D. Appropriate Judicial District; Appropriate Provincial Forum
Page 474-474
-----E. Effect of Appeal
Page 474-474
-----F. Enforcement and Variation Distinguished under Provincial Legislation
Page 475-475
-----G. Status of Applicant; Effect of Default
Page 475-475
-----H. Interim Variation of Permanent Orders
Page 476-477
-----I. Future Contingencies
Page 478-478
-----J. Change of Circumstances; Onus of Proof
Page 478-480
-----K. Variation of Amount of Child Support Made Under Applicable Table
Page 481-481
-----L. Variation where Amount of Child Support Not under Provincial or Territorial Table
Page 481-486
-----M. Variation of Orders Pre-dating Implementation of Guidelines
Page 487-492
-----N. Adjournments; Stay of Variation Proceeding
Page 493-493
-----O. Increase of Special or Extraordinary Expenses
Page 493-493
-----P. Reduction of Child Support; Termination of Employment
Page 494-494
-----Q. Effect of Remarriage or Unmarried Cohabitation with Third Party
Page 495-495
-----R. Suspension of Orders
Page 496-496
-----S. Remission of Arrears
Page 497-513
-----T. Overpayment
Page 514-515
-----U. Interjurisdictional Support Orders
Page 516-525
-----V. Variation of Consent Orders
Page 526-527
-----W. Variation under Provincial Legislation
Page 528-528
-----X. Variation Pending Appeal
Page 528-528
-----Y. Types of Order
Page 528-528
-----Z. Effect of Death
Page 529-529
-----AA. Automatic Annual Variation
Page 529-529
CHAPTER 14: APPEALS
Page 530-541
-----A. Defnition of “Appellate Court”
Page 530-530
-----B. General Observations
Page 530-530
-----C. Restrictions on Status Appeals
Page 531-531
-----D. Restrictions on Corollary Order Appeals
Page 531-533
-----E. Role and Powers of Appellate Court
Page 534-535
-----F. Interim Orders
Page 536-536
-----G. Denial of Appeal; Motion to Dismiss Appeal; Reinstatement of Appeal
Page 537-537
-----H. Effect of Appeal
Page 538-538
-----I. Stay of Order pending Appeal
Page 538-538
-----J. Absence or Delay of Reasons for Judgment
Page 539-539
-----K. Fresh Evidence
Page 540-540
-----L. Appeals to the Supreme Court of Canada
Page 541-541
-----M. Appeals from Provincial Court
Page 541-541
APPENDIX 1: DIVORCE ACT
Page 542-567
APPENDIX 2: FEDERAL CHILD SUPPORT GUIDELINES
Page 568-767
-----Federal Child Support Amounts: Simplified Tables
Page 587-767
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 768-781
TABLE OF CASES
Page 782-860
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Page 861-861
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