From its beginnings in the early nineteenth century, the Canadian anti-slavery movement was centred in Ontario. The campaign against slavery in America was two-pronged. Ontario abolitionists sought to enlist public support in the growing international crusade against slavery by organizing antislavery societies, and, through other institutions such as the Elgin Association, Canadian abolitionists responded to the immediate needs of the often destitute fugitive slaves who crossed the border. Individuals too - notably Peter Brown, Thomas Rolph, John Roaf, and Hiram Wilson - played crucial roles in the antislavery movement, particularly during the hiatus between the premature collapse of the Upper Canada Anti-Slavery Society in the late 1830s and the formation of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada at mid-century.