The study of "The Competitiveness of the Beef Sector in Argentina and Canada" provides the benchmarking of the sector through the use of a set of competitiveness indicators and it is complemented by a discussion of factors determining competitiveness in both countries. [...] The report starts with a discussion of the different understandings of the concept of competitive- ness and then proceeds with our principal aim, namely that of formulating a set of indicators and determinants allowing us to measure and ultimately compare the levels of competitiveness found within the sector. [...] World marketing activities have been directly related to the periods of contraction/expansion in the economies of the developed world and the ongoing adjustments in the balance of payments disequilibrium in the developing world. [...] Nonetheless, recent years show a marked increase in the level of competitiveness for the more important groups of products and the value for the last year of the period is four or five times that of the first year for the same period under review. [...] The Competitiveness of the Beef Sector in Argentina and Canada 9 Competitiveness Indicators?3.3 Import Penetration Rates This indicator [hereinafter, abbreviated as IPR] characterizes the internal competitiveness of the sector by showing the magnitude of international competition within the arena of domestic demand (Agénor, 1997).