First, at the most basic level, the quality, contributions and accomplishments of the faculty cohort are the most significant factors taken to reflect the quality, contributions and accomplishments of the university. [...] In this figure and throughout the remainder of the paper we maintain the same colour coding scheme introduced on page 8 to represent the diversity of the included universities on the basis of observed research and graduate intensity. [...] Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario Teaching Loads and Research Outputs of Ontario University Faculty Members: Implications for Productivity and Differentiation The following table presents the share of economics courses taught by assistant, associate and full professors.24 The proportion of economics courses taught by the faculty members included in our sample ranges from around 50% to 85 [...] The bottom of the box represents the first quartile (i.e., citation volume for faculty members at that institution at the 25th percentile) and the top of the box represents the third quartile (i.e., citation volume for faculty members at that institution at the 75th percentile). [...] The whiskers (the upper and lower adjacent values) show the values within the 1.5 IQR of the lower and upper quartile.26 In other words, the whiskers represent the upper and lower volumes of the distribution of citations excluding any outliers, which are shown separately as the data points above or below the whiskers.