At INRS in Montreal, we thank Gaëtan Dussault, indispensable in the design and production of the maps contained in this study, and Cindy Rojas for her help in the final aspects and web production of the study. [...] In Moncton at CIRPPPA), we thank Nicole Barrieau for her precious support during the first stages of the project, Réjean Ouellette for the French translation of the text, John Savage for his help with the French figures and tables and Céline Basque for her help in managing the project. [...] Comparing Figures ES2 and ES3, we can observe that there is a strong correlation between the rise of the value of the Canadian dollar and the rise of the price of crude oil, thus the link with the Dutch Disease. [...] The other side of the Dutch Disease is – in the Canadian context – the relative decline of merchandise exports. [...] We do have a time lag as the decline of the relative importance of merchandise exports starts approximately 8 years after the start of the upward trend in the value of the Canadian dollar.