Leadership the study of governance models and the implemen- development must begin in medical schools and be tation of the one that promotes the greatest efficiency further developed through residency and into and effectiveness. [...] With the vision of the 2. Enhance Admissions Processes physician of the future defined, this second phase 3. Build on the Scientific Basis of Medicine captured the collective wisdom and aspirations of the 4. Promote Prevention and Public Health Canadian public, leaders in health professionals’ 5. Address the Hidden Curriculum education, decision-makers, and policy-makers on how PGME in Canada need [...] THE UNIQUE ROLES OF THE The interconnectivity of these groups helps to define RESIDENT AS STUDENT, a system of players—all of whom support and have a role to play in the delivery of PGME. [...] Develop residents’ understanding of and from the healthcare system and provide a focus for respect for variations in the health, well-being, training residents to better understand the determi- and needs of different patients and communities. [...] A critical 5. Identify and address both positive and negative examination of the impact of the hidden curriculum aspects of the hidden curriculum in learning and on residents’ learning and work environments is a work environments.