'The number and proportion of renters living in the largest urban centres have steadily increased over the past decades. In 1991, CMAs were home to 72% of all Canadian renters; by 2016, this proportion had increased to 77%. More often than not, renters are more likely than homeowners to live in housing that falls below the affordability standard. The increased demand for rental housing in CMAs raises the question of whether the likelihood of renters to live in unaffordable housing in CMAs also increased. This issue of Socio Economic Analysis uses census data to assess changes in the housing affordability of renters living in CMAs over the past years and examine housing affordability for selectedvulnerable populations in 2016'--Introduction.