A Comparison of the Performance of Majority Female-Owned and Majority Male-Owned Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises /

“In this study, for the first time, econometric techniques are applied to data from Statistics Canada’s Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2011 and 2014, as well as administrative data from Statistics Canada’s Linkable File Environment, to examine the impact of majority gender ownership on the following measures of enterprise performance: sales per employee, profit per employee, employment, innovation, ratio of authorized to requested debt financing and interest rate on debt financing. These techniques permit comparing the performance of enterprises based on gender, while accounting for business sector; enterprise age, size and export activity; and region of operation, as well as some business owner characteristics'--Abstract, p. ii.