From Bureaucracy to Public Management : The Administrative Culture of the Government of Canada

Table of Contents

• Contents 6
• List of Tables 12
• Preface 16
• ONE: INTRODUCTION: ADMINISTRATIVE CULTURE AND VALUES 18
• 1 Culture as Manifest in Organizations 19
• Culture in the Anthropological Sense 19
• Organizational Culture and Corporate Culture 20
• Administrative Culture 21
• 2 The Place of Values 23
• The Place of Values in Public Administration 25
• 3 How to Study Values in Public Administration 27
• Two Typologies of Values in Public Administration 27
• The Bases for Determining Fundamental Values: the Deontological Approach and the Teleological Approach 29
• The Context of Ethical Behaviour 31
• 4 Conclusion 34
• TWO: THE SOURCES OF ADMINISTRATIVE CULTURE IN CANADA 42
• 1 The Physical Environment 43
• 2 Social Values 44
• 3 Economic Culture 46
• 4 Political Culture 48
• 5 Internal Causes: Workplace Sources of Administrative Culture 55
• 6 Foreign Sources of Influence 56
• 7 Conclusion 57
• THREE: THE FOUNDATIONS OF CANADIAN ADMINISTRATIVE CULTURE 64
• 1 Constitutional Conventions and Canadian Public Administration 64
• The Rule of Law 65
• Responsible Government and Ministerial Responsibility 65
• 2 Classic Regime Values of the Canadian Administration 67
• Merit 68
• Concept of Political Neutrality 72
• Civil Service Anonymity and Secrecy 74
• Public Service Accountability 76
• Employees' Associations and Collective Bargaining 80
• 3 Guardian Institutions 81
• 4 Conclusion 84
• FOUR: THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATE IN CANADA: THE WHITEHALL MODEL UNDER STRESS 90
• 1 The Advent of the Administrative State 90
• 2 The Administrative State in Canada 95
• 3 Administrative Discretion, the Rule of Law, and Administrative Accountability 97
• Judicial Control of Administrative Discretion 99
• Legislative Surveillance of Administrative Discretion 100
• Political Accountability 101
• Problems of Deficits and Cost Control 103
• 4 Politicization of the Administration: From Above, From Below, and From Without 105
• Politicization from Above 106
• Politicization from Below: Collective Bargaining 108
• Politicization from Without: Representative Bureaucracy 109
• 5 Canadian Administrative Culture as Revealed by the Growth of and Response to the Administrative State 111
• Elite Values 111
• Other Employees 114
• 6 Conclusion 116
• FIVE: THE NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT MOVEMENT COMES TO CANADA 126
• 1 Genesis and Lineage of the New Public Management 126
• 2 New Public Management Movement Comes to Canada 132
• The Glassco Report 132
• PPBS 133
• Programme Evaluation and Comprehensive Auditing 134
• Creation of a Management Culture: The Management Category and coso 135
• Operational Decentralization: IMAA and SOA'S 137
• Canadian Centre for Management Development 139
• 3 PS 2000: Apotheosis of the Canadian Public Management Movement 141
• 4 Restructuring and Programme Review 147
• 5 Canadian Administrative Culture in the Wake of New Public Management Reforms 148
• SIX: CANADIAN ADMINISTRATIVE CULTURE BETWEEN PAST AND PRESENT 162
• 1 The Findings of Our Study 162
• 2 A Deontological Appraisal of the New Public Management 169
• 3 A Teleological Approach: Between the Desirable and the Desired 171
• Need for Budget Restraint 173
• Reducing Bureaucracy 173
• Accent on Results 173
• Service to the Public 174
• Decentralization and Devolution 174
• Contracting Out 175
• Performance Pay 175
• Accountability 176
• 4 Lessons Drawn from This Study 179
• 5 Conclusion 181
• Index 188
• A 188
• B 188
• C 189
• D 189
• E 190
• F 190
• G 190
• H 190
• I 190
• J 190
• K 190
• L 191
• M 191
• N 191
• O 191
• P 191
• Q 192
• R 192
• S 192
• T 193
• U 193
• V 193
• W 193
• Z 193