Energy policy makers worldwide view coal as an important and strategic energy resource, one that is essential to maintaining world energy security at an economically competitive price. Over the coming years worldwide coal demand will increase and a Canadian and international commitment is required to advance clean coal technologies (CCT) to mitigate its potential impact. Canada can contribute to critical energy infrastructure through technology development and knowledge generation for domestic use, and for transfer to countries like China and India. Coal's environmental impacts are the primary challenge to overcome for this industry to continue its vital role in providing an essential service. These environmental concerns, and energy security around natural gas supply, are the key drivers behind Canada's need to develop CCT, and therefore are the primary reasons for undertaking this Clean Coal Technology Roadmap initiative.