The objectives and outcomes of the PDF program are clearly consistent with both departmental and governmental strategic planning, and the program is seen to be contributing to the success of the federal S&T strategy. [...] Effectiveness In assessing the program’s effectiveness, the evaluation looked at the impact that the program had on the fellows’ ability to conduct independent research and development, experience and skills gained during the program, opportunities to produce and disseminate research results, building collaboration, developing personal research networks, as well as the ability to obtain research-i [...] This limitation was addressed by the inclusion of a comparison group (unfunded applicants) and by the triangulation of the various lines of evidence in the analysis and reporting. [...] Recent reports, published in the United States by the National Academy of Sciences3 and the U. S. National Institutes of Health4, argued that (in contrast to training supported through grants) formal training programs are peer reviewed not only for the excellence of the science proposed, but also for the excellence of the proposed training and the training potential. [...] Furthermore, stakeholders and successful participants underscore that the freedom the direct funding provided by the PDF offers participants to select the lab and project of their choice is a key advantage or strength of the program.