THE views expressed in the papers are the views of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Centre or its sponsors. [...] An understanding of what the literature shows in terms of out-of-pocket expenditures of the provincially medically uninsured and the associated healthcare system costs would help address policy issues related to the uninsured. [...] As such, this review sought to synthesize the quantitative peer-reviewed literature on 1) health outcomes in medically uninsured populations 2) healthcare utilization trends in medically uninsured populations and 3) out-of-pocket expenditures of medically uninsured populations and/or cost to healthcare system to provide care to medically uninsured populations. [...] However, when the regression was adjusted for other variables such as age and English-speaking ability, the strength of the association decreased and became non-significant (OR=2.71) 3.5 Cost of care There were no quantitative studies captured that reported the out-of-pocket cost that uninsured individuals have to pay while accessing physician or hospital services. [...] From the studies investigating health services use, it was evident that there are differences in the use of healthcare services in medically uninsured populations compared to the insured population.