The rest of the report deals with the outcomes of the expert workshops as follows: Chapter 1 outlines ‘components’ of effective governance; Chapter 2 addresses barriers to adaptation; Chapter 3 explores the use of ‘instruments’ in climate change adaptation; Chapter 4 outlines the potential roles of various actors in Canadian climate change adaptation; and, Chapter 5 provides a short summary and co [...] Fifteen of Canada’s leading adaptation practitioners took part in the workshops, representing decades of experience in the field and comprising some of Canada’s leading figures on the issues of climate change and environmental policy. [...] The governance of climate change adaptation is complicated by the presence of multiple actors, uncertainty, and the relative novelty of anthropogenic climate change as a problem. [...] Adaptation: Political and Complex The stages of climate change adaptation, like most other problems in society, are defined via the prioritization of values, identification of harm, and the determination of solutions. [...] Addressing both these issues of the political nature of adaptation and its complexity has led to the merging of the fields of adaptation and governance (or a growing discussion of adaptation governance).