In both cases, military training and co-operation use the capacity of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) and Department of National Defence (DND) civilian staff to bolster Canada’s defence and foreign policy objectives in a strategically effective and efficient manner. [...] In addition to the political or ideological aspect of winning the hearts and minds of developing countries, there was also the lucrative interest in the sale of armaments and equipment. [...] The end of the Cold War and the urgent policy imperative to stabilize and integrate the 1 For an excellent history of Canada’s military assistance to the developing world 1945-1975, see Christopher Kilford’s The Other Cold War publication.html. [...] The agent for the co-ordination and disbursement of funding, the DND Military Training Assistance Program (MTAP), which had been funded from the External Affairs budget since 1970, was now funded directly from DND’s budget.2 Figure 1: Members of Joint Task Force-Ukraine teach the 55-day training cycle at the International Peacekeeping and Security Centre to the Rotational Training Unit (RTU), alon [...] The enormity of the task in addressing the challenge for the reform and transformation of 2 For a more detailed analysis of MASC and MTAP from 1991 to 2001, see the author’s “The Military Training Assistance Programme (MTAP): An Instrument of Defence Diplomacy,” in Canadian Military Journal, Issue 2, No.