Native People, Native Lands : Canadian Indians, Inuit and Metis

Table of Contents

• COVER 1
• TABLE OF CONTENTS 6
• INTRODUCTION 12
• PART I: THE GREAT LAKES – ST. LAWRENCE REGION 18
• CHAPTER 1 The Iroquois Wars and Native Arms 20
• The Dutch 22
• Iroquois Guns 24
• "The 400 Guns of the Mohawk" 24
• The Operational Parameters of the Seventeenth Century Musket 26
• Notes 28
• CHAPTER 2 Epidemics: The Forgotten Factor in Seventeenth Century Native Warfare in the St. Lawrence Region 31
• The Epidemics 32
• Post-Epidemic Warfare 40
• Notes 46
• CHAPTER 3 Ktaqamkuk Ilnui Saqimawoutie: Aboriginal Rights and the Myth of the Micmac Mercenaries in Newfoundland 49
• The Micmac Mercenary Myth 49
• The "Magic Date" 50
• Archaeological Evidence 51
• Other Contributions by Anthropologists 51
• Epilogue 52
• Notes 52
• CHAPTER 4 Families of Mixed Descent in the Western Great Lakes Region 54
• Self-Ascription 56
• Ascription by Outsiders 56
• Mating and Marriage Patterns 60
• The Requirements for the Development of an Ethnic Identity 66
• Notes 68
• PART II: THE BOREAL FOREST 73
• CHAPTER 5 The Significance of Hunting Territories Today 77
• Notes 90
• CHAPTER 6 Waswanipi Cree Management of Land and Wildlife: Cree Ethno-Ecology Revisited 92
• Introduction 92
• Some Features of the Waswanipi Ethno-Ecosystem 92
• Waswanipi Hunting Recipes 94
• Waswanipi Resource Management 96
• Conclusions 98
• Afterword, 1973 99
• Postscript, 1986 99
• Notes 107
• CHAPTER 7 The Innu Bands of Labrador 109
• Notes 122
• CHAPTER 8 The Home Guard Cree and the Hudson's Bay Company: The First Hundred Years 124
• Notes 131
• PART III: THE PRAIRIES 134
• CHAPTER 9 The Métis Nation: Buffalo Hunting versus Agriculture in the Red River Settlement, 1810-1870 137
• The Nature of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in the Red River Settlement 139
• The Contributions of the Red River Métis 145
• Conclusions 148
• Notes 149
• CHAPTER 10 The Métis: Genesis and Rebirth 153
• Acadia and New France 153
• Métis Communities in the Great Lakes Region 154
• "Natives of Hudson's Bay" 155
• Ethnogenesis in Red River 156
• Red River to the 1870s 157
• Métis Renaissance: The 1980s 161
• Notes 162
• CHAPTER 11 Indian Reserves in Western Canada: Indian Homelands or Devices for Assimilation? 165
• Notes 171
• PART IV: THE PACIFIC REGION 175
• CHAPTER 12 Slave Raiding on the North Pacific Coast 178
• Slavery 179
• War 181
• Slave Raids 184
• Conclusions 187
• Notes 187
• CHAPTER 13 Women Traders in the Maritime Fur Trade 190
• Maritime Fur Trade 190
• Women Traders 191
• Women's Traditional Economic Roles 194
• Property Ownership 195
• Women's Role in Trade 196
• Conclusions 199
• Notes 200
• CHAPTER 14 Fishing is Women's Business: Changing Economic Roles of Carrier Women and Men 203
• The Indigenous Economy and Social Organization 204
• Economic Transition and Changing Relationships to the Land 205
• The Rise of a Capitalist Labour Market 206
• The Impact of State Intervention 209
• Fishing and Contemporary Politics 212
• Notes 214
• CHAPTER 15 The Marginalization of the Tsimshian Cultural Ecology: The Seasonal Cycle 216
• The Tsimshian 217
• Seasonal Cycles 218
• Effects of the New Political Economy 219
• Hunting 220
• Fishing 223
• Gathering 225
• Tsimshian Patterns 228
• Conclusions 231
• Notes 233
• PART V: THE YUKON AND THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES 236
• CHAPTER 16 Changing Perceptions of Industrial Development in the North 240
• The Setting 241
• Changing Perceptions of Development 242
• Land Rights Hearings 243
• Implications 246
• Notes 247
• CHAPTER 17 Capital and Economic Development: A Critical Appraisal of the Recommendations of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Commission 249
• Berger's Plan for Northern Development 250
• Critique of Berger's Program 251
• Application to the Dene 254
• Conclusions 256
• Notes 257
• CHAPTER 18 Survival and Adaptation of the Inuit Ethnic Identity: The Importance of Inuktitut 258
• Introduction 258
• General Demographic Features 259
• Inuktitut Retention, 1971 and 1981 260
• Ethnic Identity and Inuktitut Retention in the Canadian North 264
• Conclusions 268
• Notes 270
• CHAPTER 19 Prospects for the Northern Canadian Native Economy 273
• Native Economy 273
• The Cost of Maintaining a Mixed Economy 277
• Notes 280
• PART VI: SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY 282
• CHAPTER 20 Recent Publications in Canadian Native Studies 283
• Journals 283
• Theses 284
• Monographs of the Canadian Museum of Civilisation 285
• Pioneers 285
• LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 300
• BIBLIOGRAPHY 301
• List of Tables and Figures 36