The early settlers, first on the Avalon Peninsula and then along the northeast coast, caused the few remaining members of the tribe to retreat farther into the inte- rior of Newfoundland. [...] There were two Mi’kmaq tribes, the Shaunamuncs (Montagnais from Labrador), a friendly tribe, and the Shannocs (from Cape Breton), a tribe hated and feared by the Beothuk.10 The Mi’kmaq were offered bounties by the French for Beothuk heads,11 and many of them were equipped and experienced in the use of firearms. [...] By the late 1700s the Beothuk tribe, now dwindling great- ly, was hemmed between the two, the settlers along the north- east coast and the Mi’kmaq toward the west. [...] The only path these Englishmen knew were the overgrown shorelines of the river- banks, the trails of the caribou leading to Beothuk deer fences39 and the narrow footpaths of the Beothuk through the almost impenetrable underbrush. [...] As Miller and Peyton continued their pursuits in the Bay of Exploits, they competed with the Beothuk for the resources of the river and surrounding areas.