Additional references of potential interest that did not meet the selection criteria are provided in Appendix 5. Summary of Study Characteristics A summary of the characteristics of the included SRs, RCTs, and evidence-based guidelines is presented in Appendix 2. Clinical effectiveness and safety of switching biologics for adult patients with RA A total of five SRs7,11-14 and two RCTs6,15 provided [...] The other publication15 presented a post-hoc analysis of an RCT.24 Country of Origin Three SRs were conducted in Korea,7 the United Kingdom (UK),12 and Canada.13 One SR11 was conducted in collaboration between Austria and the United States (US); and another SR14 was conducted in collaboration among Austria, Czech Republic, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, the UK, and the US. [...] Summary of Critical Appraisal A summary of the critical appraisal of the included SRs, RCTs, and evidence-based guidelines is presented in Appendix 3. Clinical effectiveness and safety of switching biologics for adult patients with RA Five SRs7,11-14 were of variable quality. [...] Summary of Findings A summary of the findings of the included SRs, RCTs, and evidence-based guidelines is presented in Appendix 4. What is the clinical effectiveness and safety of switching biologics for adult patients with RA? [...] The MD between the intervention and control groups in the SF-36 mental and health scores, respectively, was 3.70, with the 95% CI 1.45 to 5.95, and 5.50, with the 95% CI 3.74 to 7.26, for abatacept and 3.07 and 5.16, with the 95% CI not reported, for rituximab.12 Incidences of Adverse Events, Infections, and Injection Site or Infusion Reactions Two SRs11,12 and two RCTs6,15 reported that the risk