MCHP was asked to “identify factors that contribute to the educational success of children in care in Manitoba” and to make recommendations regarding what schools, school divisions, and the provincial Department of Education and Advanced Learning could do to contribute further to the educational success of children in care. [...] The over-representation of Indigenous children in care has its roots in the historical disadvantages experienced by Indigenous peoples, including the negative effects of colonization and the inter-generational impact of the residential school system which separated children from their families and subjected many children to maltreatment. [...] Outcomes were compared for children who were: 1. ever in care up to the time of the assessment (“ever in care”); 2. never in care up to the time of assessment, but whose families had ever, during the child’s lifetime up to the time of the assessment, received protection or support services from Child and Family Services (“ever received CFS”); and 3. never in care and never received services from C [...] When looking at the percent of children in 2006 who were ever in care up till their 15th birthday, we found that 1.7% of the non-Indigenous children were ever in care, compared to 16.6% of Manitoba Indigenous children (22.4% of First Nations, 6.4% of Metis, and 15.4% of Inuit children). [...] Characteristics of Children in Care in Manitoba Compared to Children not in Care: Key Findings For a number of measures, we compared children in care to children not in care but whose families received services from CFS, and also to children not receiving any form of child welfare services.