Cities in Canadian federalism /

The larger the office, the greater the connectivity, and the more multi-national firms with offices in a city, the more globally connected is that city. [...] Appendix B of Slack (2003) shows the process used to convert the data from the US Bureau of the Census to the values shown in the tables in this paper. [...] The per capita provincial grants in different cities vary widely, with the significantly larger grants in Toronto and Ottawa reflect the peculiar provincial-municipal sharing of social service costs in the province of Ontario. [...] Increased federal interest in cities has been spurred in part by changing social and economic forces that have had a profound impact on cities -- the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the shift to a knowledge-based economy, the increase in immigration, and rising poverty and homelessness -- and in part by the call for federal intervention from organizations such as the Federation of Can [...] Interestingly, one reason for the call for greater federal involvement derives from the belief that the federal role in cities is much more significant in the US and the UK so that, it is argued, Canadian cities are falling behind their counterparts in other parts of the world (FCM 2001).