Pills, patents & profits III : Pills, patents and profits III

The next section will outline the nature and composition of the pharmaceutical industry in Canada and then we will examine the economic literature on costs and benefits of IP protection. [...] The potential to realize economies of scale, the presence of knowledge spillovers, access to highly skilled labour, and favourable tax treatment are all determinants of the location of investment in R&D.17 In fact, models of ‘open innovation’, whereby MNEs partner with academia and government to take a product from discovery to market, are becoming more common in the industry, suggesting that prox [...] Nevertheless, accepting the premise that some level of IP protection contributes to the development and availability of important, It is difficult to life-saving medications, we now examine some of the costs of strong IP determine the protection. [...] Since the conclusion of the TRIPS negotiations, the US and EU have The US and EU seek to increasingly sought to strengthen IPR beyond the standards of TRIPS increase IP regulation. [...] The appendix provides a more detailed comparison of the IP regime for pharmaceutical products in Canada, the US, and the EU.37 15 Pills Patents & Profits III Canada-EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement Since 2009, Canada and the EU have been in engaged in negotiations towards a Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA).