Changes in immigration to Canada, the United States, and other countries are re-shaping the ethno-racial landscapes of numerous metropolitan areas. Before the 1960s, Canada was an ethno-racially homogenous country because of ethno-centric place-of-origin restrictions in immigration policy. Since the 1980s, large waves of immigrants from Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and other non-European regions have fueled the rapid ethno-racial diversification of the Canadian population. At present, Canada hosts over 200 ethnic groups and racial minorities comprise about 16 percent of the general population (Statistics Canada 2008). Through immigration, the racial minority population is also growing at a much faster pace than the general population. Within the next twenty years, one-third of the Canadian population will be non-White (Malenfant, Lebel, and Martel 2010). Moreover, the changes associated with ethnic diversity will be concentrated in immigrant gateway cities.