Electronic cigarettes

Electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are an electronic nicotine delivery device powered by a battery, often resembling a cigarette. E-cigarettes consist of a plastic tube, an electronic heating element, a liquid nicotine cartridge, and a lithium battery and atomization chamber with a membrane to suspend ingredients. Their main function is to deliver nicotine to the respiratory system without tobacco combustion, and hence they are marketed as a safer alternative to smoking, as they eliminate the harmful tars and carbon monoxide. Information on the pharmacology, toxicology, and safety of e-cigarettes is limited. Some tobacco-specific impurities and potential harmful chemical products are found in the commonly available brands of e-cigarettes. Most e-cigarettes and mixtures are manufactured in China. Both US Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada have issued warnings of health risks posed by e-cigarettes. Because of the lack of data about their safety and efficacy, e-cigarettes have been banned in Australia, Canada, Singapore and Brazil. However, consumer interest in e-cigarettes is growing rapidly and concerns about their unregulated use are increasing. The purpose of this report is to review the clinical evidence regarding the utility, safety and harms associated with electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation in adults.