Most guidelines did not provide the level of evidence supporting their recommendations, with the exception of those produced by the American Dental Association8,11 and the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry,12 a description of which can be found in the appendix. [...] Two of the guidelines made recommendations about the use of fluoride mouth rinses, neither of which were specific to school-based programs.9,13 In both guidelines, the recommendation to use fluoride mouth rinses in school-aged children was reserved for those who were at high risk of caries.9,13 Water fluoridation was recommended as a general public health measure by the American Academy of Pediatr [...] Four studies were identified, three of which were observational,4,6,7 and subject to a number of important limitations as noted in Table 2. Importantly, three of the four included studies did not report on water fluoridation in the schools and surrounding areas.4,6,7 The level of water fluoridation could have an important influence on study outcomes. [...] Further, two studies did not report on the duration of participation of the students who were assessed in the fluoride rinse program.4,7 This could also impact study outcomes and generalizability of the study results. [...] CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DECISION OR POLICY MAKING: Evidence from three of the four included nonrandomized studies suggests a benefit of fluoride rinse programs in the prevention of caries in school-aged children.