In recognition of the unique barriers faced by First Nations, they also proposed the development of First Nations-specific standards as part of community-based primary prevention and screening activities.1 Focus of this report This report presents a cross-Canada survey of available cancer screening programs and supporting services, from the perspective of First Nations and of the health care provi [...] The geographic and cultural diversity of First Nations is a key factor in the delivery of screening services. [...] In Ontario, colorectal cancer was at the same level for First Nations men as the rest of the population in 2001. [...] Cancer is the third leading cause of death among First Nations as a whole (Health Council of Canada 2005, RHS 2002/03) and is the leading cause of death in some regions and in some age groups.4,5 4 Cancer leading cause of death on some Manitoba First Nations: cancer society; CBC News, September 25, 2006. [...] In the charts below, a type of cancer showing a risk ratio of less than 1.00 means that its incidence is less for Ontario First Nations than in the general population of the province.