Funded through an agreement with the Government of Canada, CHSRF is an independent, not-for-profit corporation with a mandate to promote the use of evidence to strengthen the delivery of services that improve the health of Canadians. [...] More work, however, is needed to disseminate the knowledge arising from these initiatives and to bring a national focus to primary healthcare in Canada – particularly for defining priorities for research and for stimulating evidence-informed policy and practice that will strengthen the healthcare system and improve the health of Canadians. [...] This paper offers an analysis of the health and economic consequences of closing the gap in access and quality between evidence-based practice and current PHC performance in Canada and provides a better understanding of the opportunities for improvement in Canada. [...] An analysis of the health and economic consequences of closing the gap in access and quality between evidence-based practice and current PHC performance will provide a better understanding of the opportunities for improvement in Canada. [...] The websites for Health Council of Canada, Statistics Canada, the Canadian Institute for Health Information, the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Frontier Centre for Public Policy, The Commonwealth Fund, and the Organization for Economic Cooporation and Development (OECD) were explored to find relevant studies.