In fact, the share of the working-age population in Canada with any type of post- 4 Canadian Council on Learning Up to par: the Challenge of Demonstrating Quality in Canadian post-secondary Education secondary qualification increased significantly over the last 15 years, from 42.8% in 1993 to 60.3% in 2007. [...] This situation poses challenges on several fronts―for institutions that want to demonstrate clearly the quality of their services to the public, for students who need to access the information they require to make the right PSE choices, and for governments who are accountable to the public for the systems under their stewardship. [...] Students are also inputs because of the tuition revenue they provide, and because of peer effects, as “both individual students and the student body as a group count for a great deal in the quality of educational services the institution delivers.”14 Outputs—Outputs are the products of PSE such as graduates—and their qualifications and skills—research publications and patents. [...] The eight goals and objectives for PSE in Canada include: Canadian Council on Learning 9 Up to par: the Challenge of Demonstrating Quality in Canadian post-secondary Education 1. A skilled and adaptable workforce able to meet the human-resource needs of the country 2. Capacity for innovation, knowledge creation and knowledge transfer 3. Active, healthy citizenry 4. Quality PSE 5. Access for Canadi [...] Today, attendance in higher education is increasingly seen as an obligation—the proportion of young adults attending post-secondary is approaching 50%.30 In the context of universal participation and the demands of the knowledge economy, meeting the obligation of PSE participation is no longer solely the responsibility of individuals—society and government share the obligation to ensure equitable