By Viktoriya Galushko and Emmanouil Oikonomou The Issue current research and the latest advances is becoming prevalent and is more distinct in the Technological change in the early 1980s canola industry. [...] By allowing the patenting of single-celled Background organisms and within-cell events, in 1982 the Canadian Intellectual Property Office For more than a century, the federal and opened a window for biotech industry and provincial governments in Canada were the spurred private sector investment. [...] The to research tools/germplasm and information flows in possibility of protecting the final product makes a the wheat and canola sectors. [...] A summary of responses is presented in Figure In comparing Method and data the wheat and canola sectors, it becomes evident Case studies have been launched to identify the effect that the canola sector’s access to research tools/ of IPRs in the Canadian breeding sector on the ability germplasm is more restrictive (formal), with to conduct subsequent research. [...] One interviewee noted that “it to share with other researchers is a problem, respondents is in the interest of researchers as well as the institution were asked, “How likely is it that the laboratories to protect the research before you give it to anybody.