First, it provides a graphical overview of the distribution of health related services relative to the immigrant population and other socioeconomic and sociodemographic indicators within Hamilton, Ontario, with reference made to the overall health status of immigrants. [...] Hamilton’s Immigrant and Refugee Communities K. B. Newbold, J. Eyles, S. Birch, K. Wilson 2. Understanding the Health Needs of Immigrants There is strong evidence within the existing literature that the health of immigrants at the time of arrival is significantly better than the native-born population. [...] To enable the overall understanding of the health care and social services that are available, an ‘inventory’ of existing formal and informal organizations in the City of Hamilton that contribute to health and provide services to the immigrant population was completed in the summer of 2005. [...] Given the interest in the relationship between the presence of health services and the immigrant population, the analysis includes two additional components. [...] From the preceding analysis, it is clear that the distribution of conventional health services within the City of Hamilton is not even, with the majority of services geared towards immigrants located in the old City of Hamilton boundaries, and specifically within the downtown core.