In Canada, this includes the recommendations disparities in health between Indigenous and non- of the Royal Commission of Aboriginal People2 and the Indigenous children and their families. [...] The goal of the chapter is to provide First Nations, Inuit, and Métis child health stakeholders with a comprehensive overview of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis child health in support of their efforts to address ongoing inequities of health determinants and health status, therefore ensuring that all children in Canada enjoy their right to health. [...] The authors recognize that improvements in the assessment of and response to inequities in Aboriginal child health need to be founded on partnerships between First Nations, Inuit, and Métis health stakeholders and health workers with a background in public health assessment. [...] The large and growing populations of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis infants, children, and youth is linked to a birth rate that is 1.5 times higher than the non- Aboriginal birth rate.2 Specifically, the fertility rate 14 Health of Indigenous Children: Health Assessment in Action Health of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Children in Canada between 1996 and 2001 for First Nations women was territo [...] Health of Indigenous Children: Health Assessment in Action 17 2.4 ASSeSSinG AnD reSPOnDinG TO The in the lack of accurate and inclusive First Nations, heAlTh neeDS OF AbOriGinAl ChilDren.