For example, the publication of CIPARS findings resulted in restrictions in the use of ceftiofur (a 3rd generation cephalosporin used in veterinary medicine and closely related to ceftriaxone, a 3rd generation cephalosporin used in human medicine) in Québec chicken hatcheries. [...] CIPARS data seem to support the hypothesis that the use of ceftiofur in chickens was selecting for the presence of ceftiofur- resistant S. Heidelberg and E. coli strains in chicken meat and that the voluntary withdrawal of ceftiofur allowed a reduction of this resistance in this commodity and subsequently in human S. Heidelberg isolates. [...] Resistance to ceftiofur was detected in six percent of all human Salmonella isolates and in 29% of S. Heidelberg isolates. [...] In chicken E. coli isolates, resistance to ceftiofur and reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone was observed in 17% of Ontario isolates, 25% of Québec isolates, and 4% of Saskatchewan isolates. [...] Resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was found in 26% of chicken E.coli isolates and in less than 3% of beef and pork E. coli isolates.