Lastly, federal and provincial governments are called upon to improve efforts to reduce the release and cycling of mercury in the environment and to examine and implement best practices in fisheries and aquaculture to restore the safety and availability of this important food source. [...] Since the OPHA resolution of 2004, debate over the risks and benefits of fish for the general population and for the identified sensitive subpopulations has broadened and intensified. [...] Adding to the debate is attention to the impact of global fish consumption on the sustainability of the world’s fisheries (UN, 2005). [...] It is based on the findings of a larger technical report which summarizes the science on the health benefits and risks from consuming fish with a focus on the implications for the vulnerable 1 Childbearing years refer to the reproductive age span of women. [...] Among the possible explanations for the negative results from the DART 2 study, Hooper and colleagues (2004) suggest that the cumulative intake of MeHg from fish may negatively affect cardiovascular health and that these impacts are seen in the long-term, whereas the benefits of n-3 PUFAs are more apparent in the short-term3.