As the first step in this endeavour, this paper aims to take stock of the current state of knowledge of the broad issues related to the quality of life and well- being of Aboriginal people, of innovations that are ameliorating their living conditions and of the link- ages between quality of life and governance in their communities. [...] Substantial efforts have been made in rectly and indirectly, across several fields of the social recent years across the social and life sciences to strip sciences, the humanities and the life sciences, to exam- the term of its relativistic nature so as to make it less ine the many issues related to the quality of life and approximate, more tangible and, ultimately, more meas- well-being of Aborig [...] The final section of affective autonomy, intellectual autonomy, respect for the paper weaves the threads of the literature review and preservation of life, socioeconomic equality and into a critical discussion of the scope and limitations of the absence of social hierarchies. [...] With respect to the for control and choice within that environment.” family, the quadrants of the medicine wheel include the Global and integrated conceptions of quality of dominant thinking patterns that inform and drive deci- life and well-being are strongly emphasized by a sion-making and influence the family’s relationships number of Aboriginal scholars. [...] To what extent should the federal and provin- of Aboriginal mental health who stress the impor- cial governments accommodate the particular needs of tance of cultural integrity and political control for the Aboriginal people to close the quality-of-life gap improvement of Aboriginal quality of life.