The effect of self-sufficiency project on children

The CACE approach compares the outcomes observed among the actual compliers from the treatment group with the outcomes of subjects in the control group who would have complied with the treatment, had they been assigned to the treatment condition. [...] To examine the contextual role of the age of the child to account for the possibility that the magnitude of the program impact might differ by children’s age, two age cohorts were identified: • Younger children (children who were between the ages of 0 and 5 at the time of random assignment). [...] Their presence in the model reduces the bias due to the potential violation of the exclusion restriction assumption (Jo, 2002b), increases the precision in the estimation of compliance status, and improves the power to detect treatment effects. [...] We defined the intent-to-treat (ITT) effect for a given child outcome as the difference between the average score for children in the program group and the average score for children in the control group at the time of the 36-month (Recipient study), the 54-month (Recipient study), and the 72-month (Applicant study) follow-up, regardless of their parents’ compliance with the program offer. [...] We defined the Complier Average Causal Effect (CACE) for a given child outcome as the difference between the average score for children whose parents were compliers in the program group and the average score for children whose parents were compliers in the control group at the time of the 36-month (Recipient study), the 54-month (Recipient study), and the 72-month (Applicant study) follow-ups, reg