The Natural Capital Project is a multi-year research and consultation endeavour that promotes the importance of the environment to western Canada’s economic prosperity and quality of life. [...] The Natural Capital Incentives Initiative explores the case for incentives, the range of options available, and aims to advance the debate surrounding the use of incentives to enhance investment, protection, and stewardship of western Canada’s natural capital assets. [...] Specifically, the report: examines the rationale for using incentives to encourage greater investment in natural capital; explores the range of natural capital incentives available; uses western Canadian and other examples as a basis for outlining practical lessons regarding the use of natural capital incentives; and provides a set of public policy recommendations regarding the design, use, and im [...] The first section compiles existing information and provides a general overview of the types of natural capital incentives and the advantages and potential disadvantages of individual instruments. [...] The following discussion of incentives draws largely on information gathered and analyzed from the vast pool of existing literature on the subject, and uses examples from within Canada and other jurisdictions to illustrate the diversity of incentive-based instruments and initiatives.