This report presents an analysis of the impact of fossil fuel subsidies on the Zambian energy sector and an assessment of the potential for removing the remaining fossil fuel subsidies and reallocating some of the savings to fund an expansion of the clean energy supply. [...] The research will also seek to promote awareness within the mining sector of the pressures to increase electricity prices, the potential impact on the mining sector and the potential of energy-efficiency investments to “future- proof” mining in Zambia. [...] The forthcoming cost of service study by the ERB will be key to determining the remaining gap between operating costs and customer revenues in the electricity sector and the resulting subsidies. [...] The key finding that can be taken from the experience in 2013 is that more could have been done to predict the impacts on the various beneficiary groups and to mitigate the worst of these. [...] On the one hand, they have a role to enable the growth of IPPs, including renewable energy generators; on the other, they are concerned with the potential for additional operating costs and the management challenges of adding significant quantities of variable generators.