The objectives were to describe need in terms of the prevalence and severity of mental health problems, identify characteristics of subgroups with and without mental health problems, describe service utilization by Veterans with mental health problems and identify possible implications of the findings for policies, programs and services. [...] Prevalences of each of the measures of current mental health status were lower than the prevalences of diagnosed conditions using cutoffs reflecting severe mental health states: 16% of Regular Force Veterans had fair/poor self-rated mental health, 13% had moderate or severe psychological distress using the K10 measure, and 17% had markedly diminished mental health-related quality of life using the [...] The prevalence of mental health problems Further supports the provision and Continued need for research into the in Veterans was larger than in the general enhancement of effective mental health determinants of mental health in military population. [...] The odds of reporting a difficult adjustment Suggests the importance of promoting Clarify the life course influences of mental to civilian life were ten times higher in mental well-being in transition in promoting health in CAF Veterans from transition to Regular Force Veterans with diagnosed good mental health later in life. [...] Diagnosed physical health conditions were Mental health promotion requires attention Consider physical health when studying very common in those with mental health to both physical and mental health in the determinants, impacts and conditions: 90% in Regular Force, 92% in policies, programs and services.