The grasshoppers, crickets and related insects of Canada and adjacent regions

Acknowledgment must be made to the following for permission to repro- duce published illustrations: the trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); the editors of Danmarks Fauna; the editors of the california Insect Survey; Masson S. A. Paris, the publisher of Chopard's Biologie des Orthop- tdres; and the F6d6ration franqaise des Soci6t6s de Sciences Naturelles, paris. [...] The Neopterygota may be subdivided into cohorts, the orthopteroids falling into what other early workers called the Polynephria, or Polyneoptera' The Polynephria are Neopterygota in which the excretory Malpighian tubules discharging into the posterior part of the alimentary canal are numerous, the metamorphosis is incomplete, i.e., the wing buds develop externally, the mouthparts are of a biting, [...] Various people, he said, assured him that these three kinds of insects followed one another, so that the grasshoppers appeared in the first year, the caterpillars in the second year, and the grass-grubs in the third year. [...] The first swarms of locusts (acridid grasshoppers) to be reported from the middle of the North American continent were not, as might have been anticipated, in territory now forming part of the United States (although they were doubtless present there at the time), but in the Red River valley of what is now Manitoba and Saskatchewan. [...] Toward the end of the fifth decade of the nineteenth century two further expeditions to the Canadian Arctic took place following the disappearance of the ill-fated Franklin expedition of 1845.